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Medicine, Recreation, and the Long History of Cannabis

From the hemp boom of the colonial period to the extreme drug crackdowns that characterized the Nixon and Reagan administrations, study cannabis in social, political, and cultural context, to understand the drug for what it really is: a mirror to our world.
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Medicine, Recreation, and the Long History of Cannabis

Trailer

Cannabis around the World

01: Cannabis around the World

Cannabis conjures up many images, from the alarmist television ads of the 1980s to the $33 billion dollar business that has blossomed in the wake of legalization. Kick off the course by surveying the evolution of marijuana over time--from medicine, to intoxicant, to commodity--with special attention paid to its versatile usage in ancient times.

32 min
The Science of THC and CBD

02: The Science of THC and CBD

What does marijuana do to us, exactly? Evaluate the groundbreaking theory by sociologist Howard Becker that "getting high" is both an educational and biological process. Then, dig into the chemistry and physiology of marijuana use, analyzing how cannabinoids might interact with neural and immune receptors to intoxicate, relax, and heal us.

34 min
Marijuana in the New World

03: Marijuana in the New World

Hemp held the United States together once--both figuratively and literally. Investigate the rise of hemp cultivation in early America, tracing how Britain's military ambitions spurred colonial conquest overseas. Then, connect the death of meaningful hemp production in the US to the plant's new life as a medicine and intoxicant in the following century.

32 min
Cannabis in the Medicine Cabinet

04: Cannabis in the Medicine Cabinet

Catalogue cannabis' transformation from headache remedy to creativity enhancer across the nineteenth century. Examine how the drug was used and marketed--first as an extract and then as an exotic party drug available at World's Fairs and urban smoking parlors--noting the unique social, scientific, and cultural forces that drove the change.

35 min
Reefer Madness: The Rise of Prohibition

05: Reefer Madness: The Rise of Prohibition

Prohibition extended beyond the 18th Amendment; it was a constant force in American life, encompassing a powerful crusade against cannabis in the first half of the 20th century. Chronicle efforts to criminalize and curb cannabis use in the United States, getting to know the organizations, political figureheads, and prejudices that propelled the movement forward.

40 min
Cannabis’s Counterculture Revolution

06: Cannabis’s Counterculture Revolution

Examine the reefer renaissance that gripped postwar America, studying the drug's popularity within the anti-conformist Beat generation to its ubiquity among free-loving hippies. And become acquainted with the libertarian lawyers, Yippie activists, New York festival goers, and plainclothes crusaders whose efforts coalesced to launch pot into the mainstream.

36 min
Marijuana and the Decriminalization Debate

07: Marijuana and the Decriminalization Debate

Chronicle decriminalization efforts in the 1970s, starting with the bombshell Shafer Commission. Examine how a conservative pig farmer and liberal politician joined forces to pass the nation's first statewide decriminalization legislation in Oregon. And follow former Nader Raider R. Keith Stroup through the halls of Congress in his long quest for federal decriminalization.

32 min
Parent Activists versus NORML

08: Parent Activists versus NORML

President Jimmy Carter's embrace of marijuana in the 1970s gave way to a harsh backlash fueled by parent organizations in the 1980s. Work to understand this shift, looking at the backyard birthday party that kickstarted a movement against decriminalization, as well as the demise of Keith Stroup's NORMAL organization through scandal and political miscalculation.

34 min
“Just Say No”: Marijuana in the 1980s

09: “Just Say No”: Marijuana in the 1980s

The burgeoning anti-cannabis parents' movement found sympathetic allies in the Reagan White House. Explore how the extraordinary relationship between the most visible woman in the USA and the National Federation of Parents for Drug-Free Youth (NFP) gave rise to a legal and cultural reorientation towards pot across America, culminating in the "Just Say No" campaign.

35 min
Crack and the Rebirth of Medical Marijuana

10: Crack and the Rebirth of Medical Marijuana

Crack-cocaine overtook cannabis as America's most dangerous drug in the 1980s, but marijuana users and distributors were nevertheless swept up in the crackdown. Investigate how Reagan's drug war demonized drug users in the US before turning your attention to the rise of medical marijuana in the wake of the AIDS epidemic.

34 min
Legalization and Social Justice

11: Legalization and Social Justice

In the 21st century, the war on crack gave way to a war on marijuana, despite softened public attitudes towards the drug, spurring a criminalization surge that disproportionately impacted Black Americans. Explore how recreational legalization efforts dovetailed with social justice concerns and the quest for tax revenue in contemporary America.

31 min
Brave New Weed: The Future of Cannabis

12: Brave New Weed: The Future of Cannabis

End by looking to the future, setting history aside to survey the current cannabis landscape in America. Why hasn't legalization solved the racial disparity issue in drug arrests? How are we to deal with the public health effects of legalization or the economic impacts of grower corporatization? And where should cannabis policy go next?

40 min

Overview Course No. 30770

Cannabis is a curious plant. It has led vastly different lives—as a raw material, intoxicant, pain reliever, and artistic enhancer. It has become a conduit of bohemian creative enterprise, exoticism, xenophobia, juvenile delinquency, mass incarceration, social justice, AIDS activism, and cutthroat capitalism. It has touched broad swaths of the population, from mystical shamans in Asia to suburban mothers in the United States.

Yet, marijuana’s multifunctionality meant that it was often subject to the whims and whimsies of the world around it—that it could mean very different things to very different people. In the United States this was especially true; as America changed, marijuana changed with it. Ultimately, the history of marijuana—how it is used, by whom, and to what end—can shed light on a culture’s social and political priorities. What a society valued, feared, and desired at a given point in time was in part channeled through marijuana.

Not your typical history course, Medicine, Recreation, and the Long History of Cannabis chronicles the history of our world from the colonial period to the present day through cannabis reception, activism, and policy. In 12 lectures led by cannabis history expert Emily Dufton, you will examine the origins of cannabis, following the plant from its emergence in the ancient Hindu Kush foothills to its cultivation on hemp plantations in colonial America. You will explore the science behind cannabis intoxication, unpacking the molecular chemistry of cannabinoids like CBD and THC. You will explore the rise of medicinal cannabis elixirs in the 19th century. You will investigate links between orientalism and marijuana through the rise of Turkish smoking parlors in early 20th century America. You will investigate the causes and effects of a series of marijuana crackdowns, from turn of the century prohibition to President Ronald Reagan’s war on drugs. Finally, you will look to the future, surveying where cannabis policy ought to go next.

About

Emily Dufton

Marijuana is a mirror. Its laws—either for it or against it—often reflect something deeper about the society that made them.

INSTITUTION

Unaffiliated

Emily Dufton is a drug historian and writer. She earned a PhD in American Studies from the George Washington University and was a fellow of the American Council of Learned Societies at the Center for Public Integrity. Her first book, Grass Roots: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Marijuana in America, is widely considered the definitive book on cannabis activism in the United States. She has appeared on CNN, HISTORY, and the podcast BackStory with the American History Guys, and her writing has been featured in Time magazine, Smithsonian magazine, and The Washington Post.

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